Difference between revisions of "User:Paul/sandbox/OpenBSD Basic Server"
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− | export EDITOR=nano | + | export EDITOR=/usr/local/bin/nano |
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+ | Do the same for <code>root</code>: | ||
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+ | $ doas nano /root/.kshrc | ||
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+ | Add the following line: | ||
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+ | export EDITOR=/usr/local/bin/nano | ||
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+ | Note that this does not change the default editor for <code>doas</code>, such as when calling the <code>crontab</code> command. | ||
== Web server == | == Web server == |
Revision as of 18:01, 21 February 2020
OpenBSD has earned its reputation as a BSD descendant focused on security. With the increased development of OpenBSD's httpd and OpenSMTPD, plus most of the components commonly used in a basic web server, OpenBSD provides a highly secure and efficient choice for building servers.
Finding online support for OpenBSD can be much more difficult when compared to Linux. While the OpenBSD project requires its man pages to be very complete, support beyond man pages such as tutorials or sample configurations can be much harder to find. This has largely been due to the project being targeted at use primarily by professional systems administrators.
This tutorial will establish a basic web server that includes a functioning mail server with local maildir accessed through mutt.
Notable differences from Ubuntu Linux
Shell
Ubuntu default shell uses Bash (BASH) while OpenBSD uses KornShell (ksh).
ll
(ls -alF
)
Ubuntu has a convenient command, ll
, for viewing directory contents that is a shortcut for ls -alF
.
To add ll
to the OpenBSD command line:
$ nano .profile
Add the following line:
alias ll="ls -alF"
Default editor
The default text editor in OpenBSD is vi
. To change to a different default text editor:
$ nano .profile
Add the following line:
export EDITOR=/usr/local/bin/nano
Do the same for root
:
$ doas nano /root/.kshrc
Add the following line:
export EDITOR=/usr/local/bin/nano
Note that this does not change the default editor for doas
, such as when calling the crontab
command.
Web server
OpenBSD comes with httpd
, the project's own web server, installed by default though disabled. The httpd
configuration is managed in its configuration file, /etc/httpd.conf
, which has to be created:
$ doas nano /etc/httpd.conf
Add to the file:
# Main Configuration server "example.com" { listen on * port 80 root "/htdocs/example.com" location "/.well-known/acme-challenge/*" { root "/acme" request strip 2 } location * { block return 302 "https://$HTTP_HOST$REQUEST_URI" } }
Test the configuration:
$ doas httpd -n configuration OK
Start httpd
.
$ doas rcctl -f start httpd httpd(ok)
Add a Let's Encrypt certificate to the server:
$ doas cp /etc/examples/acme-client.conf /etc/acme-client.conf $ doas nano /etc/acme-client.conf
Change example.com
to the desired domain and remove, change, or add subdomains to the alternative
line.
$ doas acme-client -v example.com
After successful registration, create a cron job:
# crontab -e
Add:
0 * * * * sleep $((RANDOM \% 2048)) && \ acme-client example.com && rcctl reload httpd
Now add the SSL/TLS and redirect options httpd.conf
$ doas nano /etc/httpd.conf
Add:
# This is a redirect to the Main Configuration server "www.example.com" { listen on * port 80 listen on * tls port 443 tls { certificate "/etc/ssl/example.com.fullchain.pem" key "/etc/ssl/private/example.com.key" } block return 301 "http://example.com$REQUEST_URI" } server "example.com" { listen on * tls port 443 root "/htdocs/example.com" tls { certificate "/etc/ssl/example.com.fullchain.pem" key "/etc/ssl/private/example.com.key" } location "/.well-known/acme-challenge/*" { root "/acme" request strip 2 } }
Test and restart httpd
$ doas httpd -n Configuration OK $ doas rcctl reload httpd httpd(ok)
OpenBSD in its default configuration comes with opensmtpd
in a very secure configuration that supports outgoing mail. This is primarily useful for transactional email, most especially administrative messages.
Administrative message recipients can be configured in the aliases
file and are default configured to be sent to the local root
user local mailbox. To configure additional recipients:
$ doas nano /etc/mail/aliases
Change and add:
# Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present MAILER-DAEMON: postmaster postmaster: root root: username@example.com, anotherusername@example.net
Mail server configuration
Create DKIM key and directory:
$ doas mkdir /etc/mail/dkim $ doas openssl genrsa -out /etc/mail/dkim/example.com.key 1024 $ doas chmod 640 /etc/mail/dkim/example.com.key $ doas openssl rsa -in /etc/mail/dkim/example.com.key -pubout -out /etc/mail/dkim/example.com.pub $ cat /etc/mail/dkim/example.com.pub